Immune priming in insects involves an initial challenge with a non-pathogenic microbe or exposure to a low dose of pathogenic microorganisms, which provides a certain degree of protection against a subsequent pathogenic infection.The protective effect of insect immune priming has been linked to the activation of humoral or cellular features of the
Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are potent greenhouse gases produced as waste in carbon-based fuel processes.This study investigates the use of natural microbial communities to consume CH4 and CO2 and convert these gases into biomass.Seawater enriched with nutrients was exposed to a gas stream containing CH4 and CO2 under either light or dar
The use of recombinant BoNT domains has been proposed as a means to develop strategies Organization to treat and prevent botulism.Here, details on the molecular cloning, protein expression, purification, and immunoreactivity of BoNT/F domains from Clostridium botulinum are presented.Initially, full-length synthetic genes encoding recombinant BoNT/F
The physics of solar flares occurring on the Sun is highly complex and far from fully understood.However, observations show that solar eruptions are associated with the intense kilogauss fields of active regions, where free energies are stored with field-aligned electric currents.With the advent of high-quality data sources such as the Geostationar